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Load a instruction from memory (fetch) User the opcode field to identify the instruction type(decode_ Arithmetic/logic : add, sub, and, or read 2 operand values from register perform calculation write the result back into register add 4 to pcMemory access : lw read 1 word from the register (base address) add the base address with the offset(Immediate field) load word from data memory (Address : ..

Instruction Set Arthmetic operation Logic operation Multiplication /Division Load from memory / Store to memory Jump / branch Registers RISC-V (RV32I) : 32 * 32 bit registers 32bit : Word 16bit : Half word 8bit : Byte Register는 memory보다 빠름 Memory byte : 1byte (8-bit) Memory에 있는 데이터를 바로 연산할 수 없다. load, compute, store의 단계를 거쳐야하므로, memory access를 줄이는 방향으로 가야한다. Immediate Operands The constant Zero ..

Integrated Circuit Cost Yield : percentage of correctly working dies Cost per die = Cost per wafer / Dies per wafer * Yield Dies per wafer ≈ Wafer area / Die area Yield = 1 / (1 + (Defects per area * Die area) )^N Die area와 Cost per die는 정비례!! Chiplet Trend multiple small chips semiconductor technology Response Time and Throughput Response time (latency) Duration Throughput number of tasks CPU T..

Seven Ideas in Computer Architecture Abstraction SW : Applicataion, Programming language, Machine code HW : Processor architecture, Microarchitecture, Circuit, Semiconductor(transistors) Common case fast Common case > rare case Parallelism 같은 시간 내에 여러 일을 수행함 Pipelining 한 동작을 나누어서 함 Prediction 예측에 따라서 수행함 Hierarchy memory gierarchy에 따라 크기, 속도 차이 cache memory ( frequently accessed data) Dependabil..